.CLS .COL 20 .SKIP 10 WELCOME TO MR NELLEN'S CLOZE READING DRILL # 02 .COL 15 .INF 1 (*PLEASE ENTER YOUR FIRST NAME : *) .PAUSE .CLS .COL 3,1 Two thousand years ago, in the courts of Jerusalem, defendants' rights were carefully guarded. Capital offenses were dealt with by special courts called Lesser Sanhedrin. Though there were neither lawyers nor juries in these courts, the procedures were strictly regulated. The rules, biased in favor of the accused, served to prevent the hasty or unwarranted conviction of prisoners. Thus defendants were ___36___. Because of the many safeguards in the system, guilty verdicts were seldom returned or carried out. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 36 a) bound b) warned c) examined d) protected e) heard @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*d*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was d, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS The law was strict about the kinds of evidence that would be accepted in court. Confessions were barred. The defendant was not allowed to ___37___. This rule was designed to keep the accused from saying anything that might be self-incriminating. Circumstantial evidence was not accepted. The only people who could testify in court were those who had actually seen the deed done. No other ___38___ were allowed. At least two had to appear in open court and testify in the defendant's presence. Only the 23 judges could argue for conviction. However, anybody in court could argue the defendant's innocence. This ___39___ was not fixed. As many people as wished to plead for the defendant could do so. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 37 a) watch b) speak c) sleep d) move e) sit @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was b, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 38 a) witnesses b) excuses c) costs d) contracts e) delays @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 39 a) number b) place c) fine d) date e) bond @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS After the facts were presented, the court investigated, deliberated, and made its decision by voting. However, all the judges did not vote at the same time. Instead, the junior judges voted first, followed by the senior judges. This ___40 ___ was considered important. It was designed to prevent the junior judges from being swayed by the votes of their seniors. If the judges were voting to acquit, they could do so on the same day as the trial. Otherwise they had to ___41___. A guilty verdict could not be reached until the following day. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 40. a) crime b) record c) person d) order e) questioning @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*d*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was d, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 41. a) agree b) sign c) choose d) separate e) wait @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*e*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was e, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS The high court, the Great Sanhedrin, reviewed lower court decisions. However, once the Lesser Sanhedrin found a defendant innocent, this decision could not be changed. Such verdicts were ___42___. Only convictions could be reversed. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 42. a) wrong b) political c) final d) secret e) similar @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*c*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was c, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Although certain animals, like bears, are said to hibernate, they are not truly dormant during winter. Their slightly lowered body temperature and lethargic behavior place them only in a state of shallow hibernation. This shallow state contrasts markedly with true hibernation. The two ___43___ are very different. In true hibernation, a biological adjustment of the highest order takes place. In shallow hibernation, the metabolic changes are minimal. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 43. a) shelters b) seasons c) conditions d) movements e) sounds @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*c*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was c, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS The bear's temperature drops only about ten degrees during its winter sleep. Among true hibernators, the change is far greater. Much more ___44___ takes place. Body temperature falls to match that of the environment, and may reach the freezing point. While the bear is lethargic in winter, it can act if it needs to. It can fight if a predator attacks, or flee if the den is flooded. Faced with these dangers, the true hibernator cannot respond. It cannot protect itself by fighting. Neither can it ___45___. Although a strong stimulus can trigger the waking process, the true hibernator cannot awaken all at once. More ___46___ is required. It takes the ground squirrel, for example, three hours to awaken from dormancy. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 44. a) tracking b) eating c) crowding d) nesting e) cooling @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*e*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was e, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 45. a) escape b) wait b) drink d) share e) learn @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 46. a) room b) time c) water d) rest e) weight @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was b, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS In true hibernation, the body stretches its energy reserves to last the winter by reducing its caloric requirements to a bare minimum. Even the animal's sleeping posture is efficient. The hibernating animal that curls itself into a ball exposes a minimum of body surface to the air. That is why it ___47___this way. To save energy, the heart pumps infrequently. Breathing becomes nearly imperceptible. The only metabolic processes that go on are those absolutely essential to living. Everything else ___48__. Functioning at such a reduced metabolic level is stressful. Tissues may be damaged and deteriorate. For the species as a whole, hibernation works as a means of survival. But ___49___ animals may not fare as well. For a given animal in a given year, too much damage may occur during dormancy, and the animal may die. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 47. a) hunts b) develops c) lies d) washes e) feeds @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*c*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was c, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 48. a) grows b) stops c) belongs d) helps e) remains @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was b, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 49. a) large b) gentle c) eastern d) furred e) individual @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*e*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was e, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS The human race has been quite successful in dealing with some of the problems that usually constrain population expansion. Disease, predators, adverse weather and inadequate food and shelter are hardships faced by all living things. These factors tend to limit ___50___. As a result, the population size of other species remains fairly constant. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 50 a) growth b) movement c) taste d) spending e) information @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Our species, though, has learned to conquer diseases, control insect and animal predators, forecast weather and build good shelters. Thus in many respects we are not ___51___ any more. Because we have so greatly reduced the danger of certain natural disasters, world population has been multiplying very rapidly. It has expanded over 30 percent since 1960. Furthermore, the number of men, women, and children is expected to double again in 40 years. Thus soon there will be even more ___52___. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 51 a) threatened b) trusted c) prepared d) satisfied e) divided @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 52 a) help b) people c) land d) water e) machinery @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was b, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Feeding so large a population looms as a critical problem. In parts of the world, the soil can no longer provide the rice, wheat, and corn on which we have always depended. Domestic animals and food fish are no longer sufficiently plentiful. There is simply not enough food available from traditional sources. Therefore, while there is still time, we must call on science to develop new food resources. We must ___53___. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 53 a) refuse b) wait c) forget d) experiment e) stop @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*d*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was d, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Protein is the substance most needed and our highest priority. Nothing else is as ___54___ . Some foods are already being made to stimulate animal and fish proteins. Soy bean products, for example, are being substituted for meat . Other ___55___ may also be used. Leaves and grasses, now used largely for animal food, may soon be made into cakes providing protein supplements. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 54 a) cheap b) practical c) fresh d) likely e) important @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*e*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was e, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 55 a) metals b) rules c) workers d) gases e) plants @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*e*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was e, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Today the oceans provide two percent of our food. The yield would surely be greater if food fish were cultivated and harvested. The supply might also be ___56___ in other ways. "Trash" fish, not now taken for human food, can be turned into edible protein. Scientists also hope to turn certain sea algae into an almost unlimited amount of protein. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 56 a) shared b) wasted c) increased d) stored e) shipped @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*c*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was c, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Reformers say the Electoral College is undemocratic, since someone can become President with a minority of the national vote. Because a state's electoral votes, apportioned by population, go intact to the intrastate winner, a candidate need only win key populous states by small margin. ___57___ elsewhere wouldn't matter. The candidate could lose other states convincingly, even lose in total vote, yet win an Electoral College majority. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 57 a) Defeats b) Taxes c) Laws d) Businesses e) Delays @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS If no candidate receives such a majority, the election passes to the House of Representatives. There the votes are not apportioned by population. Rather, the votes are ___58___. Each state casts just one. Critics believe this procedure discriminates against voters in populous states. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 58 a) secure b) honest c) equal d) official e) valuable @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*c*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was c, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS An electoral deadlock can develop when a third candidate controls sufficient votes to keep either major party candidate from winning. The principal candidates are ___59___. Neither can win without some votes committed to the third candidate. Reformers argue that political deals are likely in such cases. Electors may be released in exchange for power or favors. Candidates have been known to ___60___ this way. In 1824, for example, Henry Clay bartered votes for a Cabinet post. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 59 a) protected b) blocked c) managed d) selected e) examined @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was b, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 60 a) travel b) trade c) dress d) wait e) prepare @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was b, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Where one party traditionally dominates, critics say, the "winner take all" rule undermines public participation. ___61___ decreases. Minority voters believe their votes meaningless, while the majority thinks voting unnecessary. In closely contested states, local issues may determine the outcome. A county scandal arousing some angry voters or discouraging a few cynics may tip the whole state to one candidate. The national election could be ___62___ in this way. Critics argue that the outcome of the national election shouldn't depend on such chance events. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 61 a) Interest b) Progress c) Salary d) Service e) Waste @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 62 a) reported b) prevented c) policed d) decided e) improved @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*d*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was d, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS By leaving the ultimate choice of President to an independent group of electors, the Constitution's authors hoped to safeguard America from demagogues. However, political parties soon obtained advance pledges of support from electors. These ___63___ changed everything. Because electors were committed to parties, they could not act independently. Thus, critics say, justification for the College was eliminated. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 63 a) increases b) courts c) judges d) bills e) promises @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*e*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was e, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Roses require sufficient space to withstand competition from sturdier plants, like shrubs and hedges. Whenever roses are too near other plants, necessary moisture and nutrients may be appropriated by hardier species. Consequently, definite planting __64__ are recommended. Roses should be planted at least twenty feet from large trees and four from hedges. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 64. a) stocks b) ages c) soils d) distances e) temperatures @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*d*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was d, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Full sun is virtually mandatory, especially during the morning, to evaporate fungus-producing dew. But some __65__ may be helpful. In particular, blocking some evening light tends to reduce burning and fading. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 65. a) grass b) feeding c) sand d) shade e) support @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*d*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was d, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .pause .cls Adequate drainage is essential. Because roses die when water remains on their roots, excess moisture threatens the plant's existence. Such water must be __66__. Sufficient drainage is frequently achieved by installing subterranean pipes and drains, or porous materials to absorb moisture. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 66. a) heated b) removed c) cleaned d) used e) tested @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*b*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was b, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Assuring adequate moisture to the roots is equally essential. In the preferred method, perforated hose is placed upon the ground, openings downward, to saturate the earth. This procedure not only discourages the canker that afflicts foliage continuously moistened by sprinkling, but also ensures that the water provided actually reaches the plant. Thus, the water is not ___67___. By comparison, much sprinkled water is lost through evaporation. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 67 a) mixed b) treated c) cooled d) controlled e) wasted @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*e*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was e, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Experienced gardeners recognize that nitrogen deficiencies are manifested by homogeneous yellowing, phosphorus shortages by purplish tinges, and insufficient calcium by brown patches. Therefore, the plant's ___68___ must be watched. It frequently suggests particular nutritional deficiencies. Gardeners should remember, however, that fertilizer cannot correct deficiencies until chemically decomposed into assimilable nutrients by bacteria living near the surface. This will want to be certain it is not too ___69___. Not only will fertilizer applied too far below the surface be unassimilable, but it may also injure root tissue. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 68 a) size b) shape c) color d) cost e) position @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*c*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was c, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .skip 1 @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 69 a) deep b) fresh c) cheap d) loose e) little @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*a*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was a, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS Rose enthusiasts realize that wounds constitute entry sites for communicable diseases. There are ways, however, to ___70___ the plant. For instance, pruning wounds are not deliberately inflicted during periods of slow healing, but during springtime when recuperative capability is vigorous. @BEGIN QUESTION @TRIES 1 70 a) force b) improve c) display d) protect e) move @READ (*Enter the letter of the correct answer :*) @RIGHT (*d*) EXACT NOCASE correct, (.INF 1) @WRONG FINAL The answer was d, (.INF 1) @END QUESTION .PAUSE .CLS .COL 20 .skip 10 That's all folks! .skip 5 .COL 7 .pause .cls