| Structural | Human Resources | Political | Symbolic | |
| Metaphor for Organization | Factory or machine | Family | Jungle | Carnival, temple, theater |
| Central Concepts | Rules, roles, goals, policies, technology, environment | needs, skills, relationships | Power, conflict, competition, organizational politics | Culture, meaning, metaphor, ritula, ceremony, stories, heroes |
| Image of Leadership | Social architecture | Empowerment | Advocacy | Inspiration |
| Basic Leadership Challenge | Attune structure to task, technology, environment | Align org and human needs | Develop an agenda and power base | Create faith, beauty, meaning |
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